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What is a cell?
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Discovery of the cell (Robert Hooke, cell theory)
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Unicellular vs multicellular organisms
The Cell – The Basic Unit of Life
Cells are the building blocks of all living organisms. Students learn about cell structure (nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane), differences between plant and animal cells, and how cells perform essential functions like growth, respiration, and reproduction.
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Laws of Motion
Introduced by Sir Isaac Newton, these laws explain how objects move and interact with forces. Students explore concepts like inertia, acceleration, and action-reaction, with practical applications in vehicles, sports, and space science.
Atoms and Molecules
Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules. This topic introduces students to atomic theory, elements, compounds, and chemical reactions—laying the foundation for chemistry.
Electricity and Magnetism
Students discover how electric current flows, the role of conductors and insulators, and the relationship between electricity and magnetism. Practical examples include circuits, household wiring, and the working of motors and generators.
Environment and Ecosystem
This topic highlights the interdependence of living and non-living things. Students learn about food chains, biodiversity, pollution, and sustainable development—helping them understand the importance of protecting nature.